Alopecia areata

Alopecia areata

Alopecia areata is a relatively common type of alopecia, which is characterized by the presence of round or oval bald patches on the scalp. The causes of this condition are not fully understood, but it is assumed that it may be related to disorders of the immune system. This manifests itself as sudden hair loss in specific areas of the scalp, without the presence of other inflammatory symptoms or itching.

Alopecia areata can be treated pharmacologically with the use of specialized preparations, as well as with laser therapy or by administering steroids – orally or topically.

A characteristic picture of alopecia areata is:

1. Round or oval baldness on the scalp.
2. No hair in a limited area of the skin.
3. Sometimes there is redness, peeling of the skin or itching in the areas of baldness.
4. There may be hair loss in other parts of the body as well, such as eyebrows, eyelashes, beard.
5. In some cases, hair follicle atrophy and permanent hair loss occurs.
6. Symptoms may vary depending on the severity of the disease.

There are many potential causes of alopecia areata, which include:

1. Autoimmune reactions of the body in which the immune system attacks hair as foreign.
2. Genetic factors, because alopecia areata can be inherited in the family.
3. Emotional or physical stress, which can lead to hormonal disruption and a weakened immune system.
4. Skin infections that can lead to inflammation and damage to the hair follicles.
5. Incorrect eating habits, such as vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
6. Smoking, which can aggravate skin inflammation and weaken blood supply to the scalp.
7. The use of certain medications that have a side effect leading to hair loss.

In the case of alopecia areata, it is important to consult a dermatologist to determine the exact cause and take appropriate treatment. There are several treatments for this disease, but it is important to remember that each person may need an individual approach to treatment.

Some of the popular treatments for alopecia areata include:

1. Anti-inflammatory medications, such as corticosteroids, can be used topically or orally to reduce skin inflammation and stop hair loss.
2. Hair growth stimulants: Preparations containing minoxidil or finasteride can be used to stimulate hair growth.
3. Light therapy: Phototherapy can be an effective treatment for alopecia areata by stimulating hair growth.
4. Diet and supplements: Eating a balanced diet and taking the right supplements, such as vitamins and minerals, can help to improve skin condition and hair growth.
5. Behavioural therapy: Stress is often considered to be one of the main triggers of alopecia areata, so behavioural therapy can help to reduce stress and improve the patient’s mental state.

It is important to consult with a dermatologist before starting treatment, so that they can recommend appropriate treatments tailored to the patient’s individual needs.